The new database is useless. Drop it and its associated service.
Copy your files, all the database files (control file, redo logs, data, configuration files...) in the new hardisk, if possible at the same location (directories).
Then use oradim to create the serviceradim -new <sid> -startmode manual
Start the service if it is not already started.
Execute sqlplus "/ as sysdba" and try a startup.
If all files were copied in the same location, this should work.
If you are still experiencing the issue after applying this fix you can try DBF Fix Toolbox
https://www.fixtoolbox.com/dbffix.html